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°ŅŪɍüż‡pŅ2`„¶–ĮKÓĶŇvĄGó•ŲZ`„‹V`‹Y˜iā-ˆĶę«‘†“ę+ °ŻÜ,˜ūiĻ&6Z¬4Ą¶ssć¶Ó½Œ“Xi€€››·~ś•×G×­š=+ š+]°Ņ’7)Ö­ē]+ € XiTĄJ V°Ņ؀•@¬4*`„P+ € XiTĄJ V°Ņ؀•@¬4*`„P+ € XiTĄJ V±•(ųkČę)6æIIEND®B`‚č„3é(€ąm ņb/Č 0ŅÕ˜·DTimes New Roman ŗŸœŚ„ŚvĒ 0œŚ(Ż 0|·DWingdingsRoman ŗŸœŚ„ŚvĒ 0œŚ(Ż 0|¤ €`’’’’„ .©  @£n’ż?" dd@’’ļ’’’’’’  @@``€€ hš`š Œ#d       Oš°bš$"„Ū_Y×lwŖ“FŠ’C ©bš$o|”6`U<¦IÆ’g C ©š$’©bš$ĪCÆBOŻ ^Ķ‚z’ó0Ŗ© š`€ƒæĄĮÄĖœ1ĶĪŠŃ×’?@ń÷š8ó €ó!€Š½śgžż4=d=dvĒ 0Ś¬’’’:’’’pūppū@ ’ <ż4dddd¼ŚŁō 0LŽ–ŗuģŹš;2NĶÉŹš;<ż4!d!d¼Ś{õ 0ØŚ<ż4dddd¼Ś{õ 0ØŚˆ:Š2ŗ___PPT9‹/Č 0Ņ?Ł Ś%OŁ Ś=š=-óŸØ Casella USA”  ŸØ0Training information Noise Units and Definitions”11óŸØ Noise unitsŸ >There are many parameters used in noise measurements including; sound pressure level maximum minimum average percentage noise dose projected noise dose peak& ..”&@`@`óŸØ Noise unitsŸØWsound exposure sound exposure level Lep,d TWA LeqI LTm3 LTm5 percentile excedance level”XXóŸØOther related parametersŸØdThreshold level Criterion level Exchange rate measurement run measurement duration periods profiles óŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØįSound pressure level this is the instantaneous sound level with a specified frequency weighting and time weighting that shows the current level of the sound being measured it is written as LAF sometimes referred to as the SPL”HĶ©ē’ ē’óŸØDefinitions of these termsŸ œFrequency weightings these are the internationally standardised responses in a sound level meter to the frequency content contained in a noise standard frequency weightings are A scale (most generally specified) B scale (not used any more) C scale (used for higher noise levels) Lin scale (the un-weighted or  true frequency content)”@ZœZžZœžóŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØšTime weightings these are the internationally standardised responses in a sound level meter to the time variation of the noise standard time weightings are Slow (1 second) Fast (125 msec) Impulse (35/1500 msec) Peak (less than 100 microsec)”@ZŒZUZŒUóŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØĆMaximum noise level this is the highest instantaneous sound pressure level in decibels with a specified frequency weighting and time weighting expressed as LAFmx sometimes referred to as the Lmax”<°‰ē’"ó ŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØĀMinimum noise level this is the lowest instantaneous sound pressure level in decibels with a specified frequency weighting and time weighting expressed as LASmn sometimes referred to as the Lmin”<ƈē’"ó ŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØ$Average noise level this is the energy average noise level considered as a notional steady level that contains the same amount of noise as the actual fluctuating noise level during a specified period of time (based on equal energy principal) expressed as LAeq sometimes referred to as the Leq”<ģē’"ó ŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØPercentage noise dose this is the noise exposure result compared to a notional allowable daily amount expressed as a percentage of that amount of noise for a standard 8 hours expressed as 100%, 200% etc. of 90 dB for 8 hr 200% represents twice the allowable noise exposure”&ūūó ŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØProjected percentage noise dose this is the result of an actual measurement being forward projected for exactly 8 hours and then recalculating the noise dose assuming the noise remains the same expressed as Pdose% or Proj % always referred to an 8 hour projection”& č čó  ŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØPeak noise level this is the absolute highest sound pressure in Pascals or the absolute highest noise level in dB over a given period of time with no frequency weighting (or the C frequency weighting) and no time weighting expressed as LCpk sometimes written as Peak or Lpeak”<Üē’$ó ŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØ Sound exposure this is the amount of noise energy in absolute terms collected during the measurement it is not a level referred to a reference value but an absolute value based on the sound pressure and the amount of time expressed in Pa2sec sometimes written in Pa2h”RżŽó ŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØōSound exposure level this is the total amount of noise in decibels referenced to a standard period of 1 second it is like the whole average noise level (Leq) shrunk down to just a single second duration expressed as LAE sometimes written as SEL”<ąÄē’ó ŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØõLep,d this is the daily personal noise exposure level in decibels it is effectively the Leq of the whole days noise exposure (for say 7h 15m) expressed as if it had been over a standard 8 hours specified in the European Noise at Work Regulations”&ššó ŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØ Time weighted average this is the American way of expressing the whole days noise dose for a standard time of 8 hours it is based on the US method of collecting noise data (LOSHA) which is different from the European method the allowable level is also 90 dB for 8 hours”&ųųóŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØVImpulse weighted noise average level this is similar to the true Leq except the Impulse time weighting is used to give more prominence to any noise of an impulsive nature it will give a higher result than the Leq depending on the impulsivity of the noise climate the difference between LeqI and Leq can be used as a measure of the impulsivity”*%Z2Z%2óŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØ"Taktmaximal level this is a noise unit specified in German noise standards similar (but higher) to the Leq it integrate the noise over a 3 (or 5) sec period and produces an average level assuming that the highest level was present for the whole of the 3 (or 5) sec expressed as LTm3 or LTm5”^ē’ē’ē’óŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØPercentile excedance level this is the notional noise level in dB that was exceeded for n% of the measurement duration that is, for n% of the time the noise level was above this value expressed as LAF10% sometimes written as L10% used to describe the variation in the noise climate”@Z’Z«ē’OóŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØFThreshold level this is the level in dB below which any noise will not be included in the calculation of the average value for dosimeter measurement is usually set at a value between 70 to 90 dB can be set in 1 dB steps in an instrument only used in American noise legislation not used for European noise measurement protocols”*Z7Z7óŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØ*Criterion level this is the noise level in dB which is used as the reference point for the dose calculations it is the level that represents 100% of the total daily noise exposure value most popular value is 90 dB for the 8 hour day same for both USA and Europe other levels are also used sometimes”&óŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØ5Exchange rate (Q) this is the notional number of decibels required by an instrument to calculate a doubling of the risk of hearing damage European legislation specifies the equal energy principal i.e.. 3 dB to double risk US legislation specifies a 5 dB change to double the risk factor for American companies”&$$óŸØDefinitions of these termsŸ fMeasurement Run this is usually taken to mean the whole of a single measurement from start to finish a set of results will usually be calculated for the entire run this set can then be compared with any limits set by legislation or customer requirements answers the simple question  was the limit exceeded? ”&$$óŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØMeasurement duration this is the actual time that an instrument is allowed to collect noise data it can be as short as a few seconds or as long as a whole day for workplace noise it does not always have to be the full 8 hours it should be quoted with any time average levels”*ZžZžóŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØ&Periods the concept of regular periods of data collection allows a long measurement to be broken down into shorter equal length intervals typical periods during a measurement are 5, 10 15 minutes they allow the changing noise levels to be inspected more easily to see what happened during a run”*ZZóŸØDefinitions of these termsŸØPProfiles these are short duration regular 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